Rails No Master.key Generated
- Rails No Master.key Generated Number
- Rails No Master.key Generated Download
- Rails No Master.key Generated Game
Encrypted secrets were first introduced in Rails 5.1. Rails store secrets in config/credentials.yml.enc by default. For applications created prior to Rails 5.2, we’ll automatically generate a new.
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- Rails stores secrets in config/credentials.yml.enc, which is encrypted and hence cannot be edited directly. Rails uses config/master.key or alternatively looks for environment variable ENV'RAILSMASTERKEY' to encrypt the credentials file. The credentials file can be stored in version control, as long as master.
- Aug 15, 2018 The master key – a string of numbers saved in a file on the Jenkins /secrets directory. The hudson.Util.Secret – a binary file that contains another key required for decryption of the API token. This is also present in the Jenkins /secrets directory.
Branch:master
| Storing Encrypted Credentials in Source Control |
| The Rails `credentials` commands provide access to encrypted credentials, |
| so you can safely store access tokens, database passwords, and the like |
| safely inside the app without relying on a mess of ENVs. |
| This also allows for atomic deploys: no need to coordinate key changes |
| to get everything working as the keys are shipped with the code. |
| Setup |
| Applications after Rails 5.2 automatically have a basic credentials file generated |
| that just contains the secret_key_base used by MessageVerifiers/MessageEncryptors, like the ones |
| signing and encrypting cookies. |
| For applications created prior to Rails 5.2, we'll automatically generate a new |
| credentials file in `config/credentials.yml.enc` the first time you run `bin/rails credentials:edit`. |
| If you didn't have a master key saved in `config/master.key`, that'll be created too. |
| Don't lose this master key! Put it in a password manager your team can access. |
| Should you lose it no one, including you, will be able to access any encrypted |
| credentials. |
| Don't commit the key! Add `config/master.key` to your source control's |
| ignore file. If you use Git, Rails handles this for you. |
| Rails also looks for the master key in `ENV['RAILS_MASTER_KEY']`, if that's easier to manage. |
| You could prepend that to your server's start command like this: |
| RAILS_MASTER_KEY='very-secret-and-secure' server.start |
| Set up Git to Diff Credentials |
| Rails provides `rails credentials:diff --enroll` to instruct Git to call `rails credentials:diff` |
| when `git diff` is run on a credentials file. |
| Running the command enrolls the project such that all credentials files use the |
| 'rails_credentials' diff driver in .gitattributes. |
| Additionally since Git requires the driver itself to be set up in a config file |
| that isn't tracked Rails automatically ensures it's configured when running |
| `credentials:edit`. |
| Otherwise each co-worker would have to run enable manually, including on each new |
| repo clone. |
| Editing Credentials |
| This will open a temporary file in `$EDITOR` with the decrypted contents to edit |
| the encrypted credentials. |
| When the temporary file is next saved the contents are encrypted and written to |
| `config/credentials.yml.enc` while the file itself is destroyed to prevent credentials |
| from leaking. |
| Environment Specific Credentials |
| The `credentials` command supports passing an `--environment` option to create an |
| environment specific override. That override will take precedence over the |
| global `config/credentials.yml.enc` file when running in that environment. So: |
| bin/rails credentials:edit --environment development |
| will create `config/credentials/development.yml.enc` with the corresponding |
| encryption key in `config/credentials/development.key` if the credentials file |
| doesn't exist. |
| The encryption key can also be put in `ENV['RAILS_MASTER_KEY']`, which takes |
| precedence over the file encryption key. |
| In addition to that, the default credentials lookup paths can be overridden through |
| `config.credentials.content_path` and `config.credentials.key_path`. |
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App Service on Linux provides a highly scalable, self-patching web hosting service using the Linux operating system. This tutorial shows how to create a Ruby app and connect it to a PostgreSQL database. When you're finished, you'll have a Ruby on Rails app running on App Service on Linux.
In this tutorial, you learn how to:
- Create a PostgreSQL database in Azure
- Connect a Ruby on Rails app to PostgreSQL
- Deploy the app to Azure
- Update the data model and redeploy the app
- Stream diagnostic logs from Azure
- Manage the app in the Azure portal
If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
Prerequisites
To complete this tutorial:
Prepare local Postgres
In this step, you create a database in your local Postgres server for your use in this tutorial.
Connect to local Postgres server
Open the terminal window and run psql to connect to your local Postgres server.
If your connection is successful, your Postgres database is running. If not, make sure that your local Postgres database is started by following the steps at Downloads - PostgreSQL Core Distribution.
Type q to exit the Postgres client.
Create a Postgres user that can create databases by running the following command, using your signed-in Linux username.
Create a Ruby on Rails app locally
In this step, you get a Ruby on Rails sample application, configure its database connection, and run it locally.
Clone the sample
In the terminal window, cd to a working directory.
Run the following command to clone the sample repository.
cd to your cloned directory. Install the required packages.
Run the sample locally
Run the Rails migrations to create the tables the application needs. To see which tables are created in the migrations, look in the db/migrate directory in the Git repository.
Run the application.
Navigate to http://localhost:3000 in a browser. Add a few tasks in the page.
To stop the Rails server, type Ctrl + C in the terminal.
Use Azure Cloud Shell
Azure hosts Azure Cloud Shell, an interactive shell environment that you can use through your browser. You can use either Bash or PowerShell with Cloud Shell to work with Azure services. You can use the Cloud Shell preinstalled commands to run the code in this article without having to install anything on your local environment.
To start Azure Cloud Shell:
| Option | Example/Link |
|---|---|
| Select Try It in the upper-right corner of a code block. Selecting Try It doesn't automatically copy the code to Cloud Shell. | |
| Go to https://shell.azure.com, or select the Launch Cloud Shell button to open Cloud Shell in your browser. | |
| Select the Cloud Shell button on the menu bar at the upper right in the Azure portal. |
To run the code in this article in Azure Cloud Shell:
Start Cloud Shell.
Select the Copy button on a code block to copy the code.
Paste the code into the Cloud Shell session by selecting Ctrl+Shift+V on Windows and Linux or by selecting Cmd+Shift+V on macOS.
Select Enter to run the code.
Create Postgres in Azure
In this step, you create a Postgres database in Azure Database for PostgreSQL. Later, you configure the Ruby on Rails application to connect to this database.
Create a resource group
A resource group is a logical container into which Azure resources like web apps, databases, and storage accounts are deployed and managed. For example, you can choose to delete the entire resource group in one simple step later.
In the Cloud Shell, create a resource group with the az group create command. The following example creates a resource group named myResourceGroup in the West Europe location. To see all supported locations for App Service on Linux in Basic tier, run the az appservice list-locations --sku B1 --linux-workers-enabled command.
You generally create your resource group and the resources in a region near you.
When the command finishes, a JSON output shows you the resource group properties.
Create a Postgres server
Create a PostgreSQL server with the az postgres server create command.
Run the following command in the Cloud Shell, and substitute a unique server name for the <postgres-server-name> placeholder. The server name needs to be unique across all servers in Azure.
When the Azure Database for PostgreSQL server is created, the Azure CLI shows information similar to the following example:
Configure server firewall
In the Cloud Shell, create a firewall rule for your Postgres server to allow client connections by using the az postgres server firewall-rule create command. When both starting IP and end IP are set to 0.0.0.0, the firewall is only opened for other Azure resources. Substitute a unique server name for the <postgres-server-name> placeholder.
Rails No Master.key Generated Number
Tip
You can be even more restrictive in your firewall rule by using only the outbound IP addresses your app uses.
Connect to production Postgres server locally
In the Cloud Shell, connect to the Postgres server in Azure. Use the value you specified previously for the <postgres-server-name> placeholders.
When prompted for a password, use My5up3r$tr0ngPa$w0rd!, which you specified when you created the database server.
Create a production database
At the postgres prompt, create a database.
Create a user with permissions
Create a database user called railsappuser and give it all privileges in the sampledb database.
Exit the server connection by typing q.
Connect app to Azure Postgres
In this step, you connect the Ruby on Rails application to the Postgres database you created in Azure Database for PostgreSQL.
Configure the database connection
In the repository, open config/database.yml. At the bottom of the file, replace the production variables with the following code.
Save the changes.
Test the application locally
Back in the local terminal, set the following environment variables:
Run Rails database migrations with the production values you just configured to create the tables in your Postgres database in Azure Database for PostgreSQL.
When running in the production environment, the Rails application needs precompiled assets. Generate the required assets with the following command:
The Rails production environment also uses secrets to manage security. Generate a secret key.
Save the secret key to the respective variables used by the Rails production environment. For convenience, you use the same key for both variables.
Enable the Rails production environment to serve JavaScript and CSS files.
Run the sample application in the production environment.
Navigate to http://localhost:3000. If the page loads without errors, the Ruby on Rails application is connecting to the Postgres database in Azure.
Add a few tasks in the page.
To stop the Rails server, type Ctrl + C in the terminal.
Commit your changes
Run the following Git commands to commit your changes:
Your app is ready to be deployed.
Deploy to Azure
Rails No Master.key Generated Download
In this step, you deploy the Postgres-connected Rails application to Azure App Service.
Configure a deployment user
FTP and local Git can deploy to an Azure web app by using a deployment user. Once you configure your deployment user, you can use it for all your Azure deployments. Your account-level deployment username and password are different from your Azure subscription credentials.
To configure the deployment user, run the az webapp deployment user set command in Azure Cloud Shell. Replace <username> and <password> with a deployment user username and password.
- The username must be unique within Azure, and for local Git pushes, must not contain the ‘@’ symbol.
- The password must be at least eight characters long, with two of the following three elements: letters, numbers, and symbols.
The JSON output shows the password as null. If you get a 'Conflict'. Details: 409 error, change the username. If you get a 'Bad Request'. Details: 400 error, use a stronger password.
Record your username and password to use to deploy your web apps.
Create an App Service plan
In the Cloud Shell, create an App Service plan in the resource group with the az appservice plan create command.
The following example creates an App Service plan named myAppServicePlan in the Free pricing tier (--sku F1) and in a Linux container (--is-linux).
When the App Service plan has been created, the Azure CLI shows information similar to the following example:
Create a web app
Create a web app in the myAppServicePlan App Service plan.
In the Cloud Shell, you can use the az webapp create command. In the following example, replace <app-name> with a globally unique app name (valid characters are a-z, 0-9, and -). The runtime is set to RUBY|2.3. To see all supported runtimes, run az webapp list-runtimes --linux.
When the web app has been created, the Azure CLI shows output similar to the following example:
You’ve created an empty new web app, with git deployment enabled.
Note
The URL of the Git remote is shown in the deploymentLocalGitUrl property, with the format https://<username>@<app-name>.scm.azurewebsites.net/<app-name>.git. Save this URL as you need it later.
Configure database settings
In App Service, you set environment variables as app settings by using the az webapp config appsettings set command in the Cloud Shell.
The following Cloud Shell command configures the app settings DB_HOST, DB_DATABASE, DB_USERNAME, and DB_PASSWORD. Replace the placeholders <appname> and <postgres-server-name>.
Configure Rails environment variables
In the local terminal, generate a new secret for the Rails production environment in Azure.
Configure the variables required by Rails production environment.
In the following Cloud Shell command, replace the two <output-of-rails-secret> placeholders with the new secret key you generated in the local terminal.
ASSETS_PRECOMPILE='true' tells the default Ruby container to precompile assets at each Git deployment. For more information, see Precompile assets and Serve static assets.
Push to Azure from Git
In the local terminal, add an Azure remote to your local Git repository.
Push to the Azure remote to deploy the Ruby on Rails application. You are prompted for the password you supplied earlier as part of the creation of the deployment user.
During deployment, Azure App Service communicates its progress with Git.
Browse to the Azure app
Browse to http://<app-name>.azurewebsites.net and add a few tasks to the list.
Congratulations, you're running as Overview page. Here, you can perform basic management tasks like stop, start, restart, browse, and delete.
The left menu provides pages for configuring your app.
Clean up resources
In the preceding steps, you created Azure resources in a resource group. If you don't expect to need these resources in the future, delete the resource group by running the following command in the Cloud Shell:
This command may take a minute to run.
Next steps
In this tutorial, you learned how to:
- Create a Postgres database in Azure
- Connect a Ruby on Rails app to Postgres
- Deploy the app to Azure
- Update the data model and redeploy the app
- Stream diagnostic logs from Azure
- Manage the app in the Azure portal
Advance to the next tutorial to learn how to map a custom DNS name to your app.
Rails No Master.key Generated Game
Or, check out other resources: